# © 2017-2018, ETH Zurich, Institut für Theoretische Physik
# Author: Dominik Gresch <greschd@gmx.ch>
"""
Utilities for handling algebraic expressions, such as turning them to vector or matrix form.
"""
import random
import operator
from functools import reduce
from itertools import combinations_with_replacement
import sympy as sp
from fsc.export import export
K_VEC = sp.symbols('kx, ky, kz')
def expr_to_vector(
expr,
basis,
*,
random_fct=lambda: random.randint(-100, 100),
**kwargs # pylint: disable=unused-argument
):
"""
Converts an algebraic (sympy) expression into vector form.
:param expr: Algebraic expression
:type expr: sympy.Expr
:param expr: Basis of the vector space, w.r.t. which the vector will be expressed.
:type expr: list[sympy.Expr]
:param random_fct: Function creating random numbers on which the expression will be evaluated.
"""
dim = len(basis)
# create random values for the coordinates and evaluate
# both the basis functions and the expression to generate
# the linear equation to be solved
A = []
b = [] # pylint: disable=invalid-name
for _ in range(2 * dim):
if sp.Matrix(A).rank() >= len(basis):
break
vals = [(k, random_fct()) for k in K_VEC]
A.append([b.subs(vals) for b in basis])
b.append(expr.subs(vals))
else:
# this could happen if the random_fct is bad, or the 'basis' is not
# linearly independent
raise ValueError(
'Could not find a sufficient number of linearly independent vectors'
)
res = sp.linsolve((sp.Matrix(A), sp.Matrix(b)), sp.symbols('a b c'))
if len(res) != 1:
raise ValueError(
'Invalid result {res} when trying to match expression {expr} to basis {basis}.'
.format(res=res, expr=expr, basis=basis)
)
vec = next(iter(res))
vec = tuple(v.nsimplify() for v in vec)
# check consistency
if not expr.equals(sum(v * b for v, b in zip(vec, basis))):
raise ValueError(
"Vector {vec} in basis {basis} does not match expression {expr}".
format(vec=vec, basis=basis, expr=expr)
)
return vec
[docs]@export
def monomial_basis(*degrees):
"""
Returns the product basis of (kx, ky, kz), with monomials of the given degrees.
:param degrees: Degree of the monomials. Multiple degrees can be given, in which case the basis consists of the monomials of all given degrees.
:type degrees: int
Example:
>>> import kdotp_symmetry as kp
>>> kp.monomial_basis(*range(3))
[1, kx, ky, kz, kx**2, kx*ky, kx*kz, ky**2, ky*kz, kz**2]
"""
if any(deg < 0 for deg in degrees):
raise ValueError('Degrees must be non-negative integers')
basis = []
for deg in sorted(degrees):
monomial_tuples = combinations_with_replacement(K_VEC, deg)
basis.extend(
reduce(operator.mul, m, sp.Integer(1)) for m in monomial_tuples
)
return basis
def matrix_to_expr_operator(matrix_form, repr_has_cc=False):
"""Returns a function that operates on expression, corresponding to the given ``matrix_form`` which operates on a vector in real space. ``repr_has_cc`` determines whether the symmetry contains time reversal."""
# k-form and r-form of the matrix are related by A -> A^-1^T
# => matrix^T gives g^-1 in k-space coordinates
# Change sign if the representation has complex conjugation
k_matrix_form = sp.Matrix(matrix_form).T
if repr_has_cc:
k_matrix_form *= -1
substitution = list(zip(K_VEC, k_matrix_form @ sp.Matrix(K_VEC)))
def expr_operator(expr):
return expr.subs(substitution, simultaneous=True)
return expr_operator